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| Property | Specification |
|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | H2SO4 |
| Molecular Weight | 98.08 g/mol |
| Appearance | Clear, colorless to pale yellow liquid |
| Concentration | Typically available in various concentrations, including concentrated (e.g., 95-98%) and dilute (e.g., 1-10%). |
| Density | Varies with concentration, typically ranging from 1.3 to 1.84 g/cm³ |
| Boiling Point | Varies with concentration, but typically 337-338°C (639-640°F) for concentrated sulfuric acid. |
| pH (Concentrated) | Highly acidic, with a pH of less than 1 for concentrated sulfuric acid. |
| Corrosiveness | Highly corrosive and reactive with various substances. |
| Application | Description |
|---|---|
| Chemical Manufacturing | Widely used in the production of various chemicals, including fertilizers, explosives, and synthetic polymers. |
| Acid Catalysis | Sulfuric acid serves as a strong acid catalyst in various chemical reactions, such as esterification and hydration processes. |
| Electrolyte in Batteries | Used as an electrolyte in lead-acid batteries, providing the necessary ions for energy storage and release. |
| Cleaning and Detergents | Dilute sulfuric acid solutions are employed for cleaning and descaling purposes, often in industrial settings. |
| Metal Processing and Pickling | Used for removing rust and scale from metal surfaces in a process known as pickling. |
| Fertilizers | Used in the production of phosphate-based fertilizers to make phosphate nutrients available to plants. |
| Wastewater Treatment | Sulfuric acid is used to adjust the pH of wastewater and treat certain types of industrial effluents. |
| Petroleum Refining | Used in various refining processes, including alkylation, to produce high-octane gasoline components. |
| Laboratory and Research | Commonly used in laboratories for various chemical analyses and experiments, serving as a reagent and acid source. |
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